BY'Johw  5. Clark  •  ilARY  Dana  Hicks- and  -Valter  S.Pcrry 


THE-PRANG-EDUCATIONAL-COnPANY 

BOSTON  •  NEW  YORK  -  CHICAGO 

Copyright,  1897,  by  The  Prang  Educational  Co. 


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GLOSSARY, 


SPHERE  :  a  solid  having  one  round  face  —  a  ball. 

HEMISPHERE  :  half  a  sphere;  a  form  having  one  rounding  face  and  one  plane 
circular  face. 

CUBE :  a  solid  having  six  equal  plane  faces,  the  opposite  faces  being  parallel. 

CYLINDER  ;  a  solid  having  two  equal  plane  circular  parallel  faces,  and  one  curved 
face. 

PRISM  :  , a, solid  having  two^pJan^  polygonal  faces  called  bases,  and  between  these 
as  many  plane  side  faces  as  the  bases  have  sides.  It  may  rest  on  either  base. 

- ,  SQUARE:  one  whose  bases  are  squares.  A  cube  is  a  square  prism,  whose 

side  faces  equal  its  bases  in  size  and  shape. 

- ,  TRIANGULAR:  one  having  triangles  for  bases.  Aright-angled  triangular 

prism  has  right-angled  triangles  for  its  bases.  An  equilateral  triangular  prism 
has  equilateral  triangles  for  its  bases.  An  isosceles  triangular  prism  has  isosceles 
triangles  for  its  bases. 

- ,  HEXAGONAL:  one  whose  bases  are  hexagons. 

ELLIPSOID  ;  a  solid  bounded  by  one  regularly  rounding  face  and  having  three 
axes,  two  of  which  may  be  equal ;  a  solid  generated  by  the  revolution  of  an 
ellipse  on  one  of  its  axes. 

OVOID  :  a  symmetric  solid  having  one  rounded  face  and  having  one  end  larger  than 
the  other. 

CONE:  a  solid  having  one  plane  circular  face  called  the  base,  and  one  curved  face. 
The  circumference  of  the  curved  face  diminishes  regularlyuntil.it  vanishes  in  a 
point  called  the  vertex.  In  a  right  cone  the  vertex  is  directly  over  the  centre 
of  the  base. 

PYRAMID:  a  solid  contained  by  a  plane  polygon  as  base  and  triangular  planes 
meeting  in  a  vertex.  Pyramids  are  named  from  their  bases,  as  triangular,  square, 
etc.,  as  the  base  is  a  triangle,  square,  etc. 

SURFACE  :  the  whole  outside  of  a  form. 

FACE  :  a  part  of  a  surface  unbroken  by  an  edge. 

VIEWS  :  drawings  showing  the  facts  of  form. 

- ,  TOP:  the  view  obtained  by  looking  directly  down  upon  a  form. 


-,  FRONT:  the  view  obtained  of  an  object  when  it  is  directly  in  front  an  j 
opposite  the  eyes  of  the  observer. 

-,  SIDE :  the  view  obtained  by  looking  at  an  object  in  a  direction  at  right 
angles  to  that  in  which  you  looked  for  the  front  view,  the  various  parts  of  the 
object  being  supposed  to  be  on  a  level  with  the  eye. 


PATTERN  :  anything  cut,  drawn,  or  formed,  to  be  used  as  a  guide  in  making  an 
object,  and  serving  to  determine  its  exact  form  and  dimensions. 

EDGE :  the  place  where  two  faces  meet. 

CORNER;  the  space  or  contents  included  (within  a  short  radius  of  the  point  of 
union)  between  faces,  edges,  or  lines  that  meet. 

OUTLINE  :  the  defined  limits  of  form. 

LINE  :  the  representation  of  length,  but  not  breadth  or  thickness.  M 

- ,  STRAIGHT :  one  whose  direction  remains  the  same  throughout  its  length.  ^ 

- ,  CURVED:  one  whose  direction  constantly  changes. 

HORIZONTAL:  perfectly  level. 

VERTICAL:  upright;  straight  up  and  down.  A  face,  an  edge,  or  a  line  may  be 
vertical. 

OBLIQUE:  neither  horizontal  nor  vertical. 

PARALLEL  :  being  of  unvarying  distance  apart  throughout  their  extent.  Faces, 
edges  and  lines  may  be  parallel. 

ANGLE  :  the  difference  in  direction  between  two  or  more  faces, edges  or  lines,  which 
meet,  or  would  meet  if  produced. 

- ,  RIGHT  ;  an  angle  of  90’ 

- ,  ACUTE:  an  angle  less  than  a  right  angle.  m 

- ,  OBTUSE  :  an  angle  greater  than  a  right  angle.  ^ 

PLANE  FIGURE:  one  having  the  same  direction  throughout;  perfectly  even,  as 
if  made  by  a  carpenter’s  plane. 


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Fig.  I  is  the  pattern  of  a  cube. 

Cut  it  out,  fold  and  paste  to 
make  a  cube. 

Figs.  2  and  3  arc  the  two  pn^^ 
terns  necessary  for  a  sphere. 
Take  them  home  and  use 
them  as  patterns  in  cover¬ 
ing  a  ball. 


EXERCISE  VI. -Model  Drawing. 

Place  the  sphere  on  the  cube  and  draw  their  appearance. 


EXERCISE  VIII. 


EXERCISE  XIII.- Pattern  Drawing. 
From  a  Model. 


13 


vv./ 


On  page  A  there  is  a  printed  pattern  of  a  cube,  Fig,  i.  Cut  out  this  pattern,  fold  and  paste  so  as  to  make  a  hollow  cube.  Use  this  for  a  model,  and 
draw  the  pattern  for  a  cube. 


EXERCISE  XIV. -Envelope. -From  the  Object. 


M  a.;i 


hia  i:. 


Two  views  of  an  envelope  are  given  as  illustrations  and  not  as  copies.  Draw  a  horizontal  envelope,  open  or  closed. 


EXERCISE  XVII. -Original  Border. 


Draw  an  original  border,  made  by  repeating  either  Greek  crosses,  quatrefoils  or  square-leaved  figures,  as  on  page  i6.  Use  only  one  kind  of  figure. 


EXEF5CISE  XVIII. -Nature  Study. 

Draw  an  example  of  plant-growth  from  nature. 


•^^.^v.*-*_i'--^S.*'-ii.’i;VV; 


Detach  tlie  page,  cut  out  the  pattern,  fold  and  paste  to  make  an  envelope.  Write  properly  your  own  address  upon  the  envelope.  ^ 


PATTERN  OF  AN  ENVELOPE,  — Making  an  Envelope,  for  Exercise  XIV. 


